Thứ Sáu, 7 tháng 9, 2007

MỤC LỤC LUẬT THƯƠNG MẠI CỘNG HÒA PHÁP (ENGLISH VERSION)

BOOK I

Commerce in general

TITLE I

The commercial act (Articles L110-1 to L110-4)

TITLE II

Traders

Chapter I

Definition and status

      Section 1

Capacity of trader (Articles L121-1 to L121-3)

      Section 2

Spouses of craftspeople and traders working in the family-owned undertaking (Articles L121‑4 to L121‑6)

Chapter II

Foreign traders (Articles L122-1 to L122-4)

Chapter III

General obligations of traders

      Section 1

Commercial and companies register

            Sub-section 1

Persons required to register (Articles L123-1 to L123-5-1)

            Sub-section 2

Keeping of the register and effects attached to registration (Articles L123‑6 to L123‑9)

            Sub-section 3

Place of domicile of registered persons (Articles L123-10 to L123-11)

      Section 2

Accounts of traders

            Sub-section 1

Financial liabilities applicable to all traders (Articles L123‑12 to L123‑24)

            Sub-section 2

Financial liabilities applicable to certain traders who are natural persons (Articles L123‑25 to L123‑28)

Chapter IV

Cooperative associations of retailers (Articles L124-1 to L124-16)

Chapter V

Collective shops of independent traders

      Section 1

Formation of the collective shop (Articles L125-1 to L125-9)

      Section 2

Administration of the collective shop (Articles L125-10 to L125-11)

      Section 3

Approval and exclusion (Articles L125-12 to L125-18)

Section 4

Dissolution (Article L125-19)

Chapter VI

Mutual guarantee schemes (Article L126-1)

TITLE III

Brokers, agents on commission, carriers and commercial agents

Chapter I

Brokers (Articles L131-1 to L131-11)

Chapter II

Agents on commission

      Section 1

Agents on commission in general (Articles L132-1 to L132-2)

      Section 2

Agents on commission for transport (Articles L132-3 to L132-9)

Chapter III

Carriers (Articles L133-1 to L133-7)

Chapter IV

Commercial agents (Articles L134-1 to L134-17)

TITLE IV

The business

Chapter I

Sale of the business

      Section 1

Sale contract (Articles L141-1 to L141-4)

      Section 2

Preferential right of the seller (Articles L141-5 to L141-22)

Chapter II

Charge on the business (Articles L142-1 to L142-5)

Chapter III

Provisions common to the sale and charge of the business

      Section 1

Use of the security and redemption of registered claims (Articles L143-1 to L143‑15)

      Section 2

Registration and removal of the registration formalities (Articles L143‑16 to L143‑20)

      Section 3

Intermediaries and distribution of the price (Articles L143‑21 to L143‑23)

Chapter IV

Real estate management (Articles L144-1 to L144-13)

Chapter V

Commercial lease

      Section 1

Scope (Articles L145-1 to L145-3)

      Section 2

Term (Articles L145-4 to L145-7)

      Section 3

Renewal (Articles L145-8 to L145-13)

      Section 4

Refusal of renewal (Articles L145-14 to L145-30)

      Section 5

Sub-leasing (Articles L145-31 to L145-32)

      Section 6

Rent (Articles L145-33 to L145-40)

      Section 7

Cancellation (Articles L145-41 to L145-46)

      Section 8

Non-specialisation (Articles L145-47 to L145-55)

      Section 9

Procedure (Articles L145-56 to L145-60)

BOOK II

Commercial companies and economic interest groups

TITLE I

Preliminary provisions (Articles L210-1 to L210-9)

TITLE II

Provisions specific to various commercial companies

Chapter I

General partnerships (Articles L221-1 to L221-17)

Chapter II

Limited partnerships (Articles L222-1 to L222-12)

Chapter III

Limited liability companies (Articles L223-1 to L223-43)

Chapter IV

General provisions applicable to joint-stock companies (Articles L224-1 to L224‑3)

Chapter V

Public limited companies (Article L225-1)

      Section 1

Formation of public limited companies

            Sub-section 1

Formation with a public offering (Articles L225-2 to L225-11)

            Sub-section 2

Formation without a public offering (Articles L225-12 to L225-16)

      Section 2

Management and administration of public limited companies

            Sub-section 1

Board of directors of the general management (Articles L225-17 to L225-56)

            Sub-section 2

Management and supervisory board (Articles L225-57 to L225-93)

            Sub-section 3

Provisions common to managing agents of public limited companies (Articles L225-94 to L225-95-1)

      Section 3

Shareholders’ meetings (Articles L225-96 to L225-126)

      Section 4

      Changes to share capital and the body of employee shareholders

            Sub-section 1

Increase in capital (Articles L225-127 to L225-149)

            Sub-section 2

Bonds with subscription warrants (Articles L225-150 to L225-160)

            Sub-section 3

Bonds convertible into shares (Articles L225-161 to L225-167)

            Sub-section 4

Bonds exchangeable for shares (Articles L225-168 to L225-176)

            Sub-section 5

Subscription and purchase of shares by employees (Articles L225-177 to L225-187-1)

            Sub-section 6

Capital amortisation (Articles L225-198 to L225-203)

            Sub-section 7

Capital reductions (Articles L225-204 to L225-205)

            Sub-section 8

Subscription, purchase or use as a security by companies of their own shares (Articles L225-206 to L225-217)

      Section 5

      Supervision of public limited companies (Articles L225-218 to L225-242)

      Section 6

Conversion of public limited companies (Articles L225-243 to L225-245)

      Section 7

Dissolution of public limited companies (Articles L225-246 to L225-248)

      Section 8

Civil liability (Articles L225-249 to L225-257)

      Section 9

Public limited companies with worker participation (Articles L225-258 to L225‑270)

Chapter VI

Partnerships limited by shares (Articles L226-1 to L226-14)

Chapter VII

Simplified joint-stock companies (Articles L227-1 to L227-20)

Chapter VIII

Securities issued by joint-stock companies

      Section 1

Provisions common to securities (Articles L228-1 to L228-6)

      Section 2

Shares (Articles L228-7 to L228-29)

      Section 3

Investment certificates (Articles L228-30 to L228-35)

      Section 4

Participating securities (Articles L228-36 to L228-37)

      Section 5

Bonds (Articles L228-38 to L228-90)

      Section 6

Other securities conferring the right to the allotment of shares representing a portion of the capital (Articles L228-91 to L228-97)

Provisions common to various commercial companies

Chapter I

Variable capital (Articles L231-1 to L231-8)

Chapter II

Financial statements

      Section 1

Accounting documents (Articles L232-1 to L232-6)

      Section 2

Documents specific to companies making a public offering (Articles L232‑7 to L232‑8)

      Section 3

Depreciation and provisions (Article L232-9)

      Section 4

Profits (Articles L232-10 to L232-20)

      Section 5

Publication of accounts (Articles L232-21 to L232-23)

Chapter III

Subsidiaries, shares and controlled companies

      Section 1

Definitions (Articles L233-1 to L233-5)

      Section 2

Notifications and information (Articles L233-6 to L223-15)

      Section 3

Consolidated financial statements (Articles L233-16 to L233-28)

      Section 4

Reciprocal shares (Articles L233-29 to L233-31)

Chapter IV

Warning procedure (Articles L234-1 to L234-3)

Chapter V

Nullities (Articles L235-1 to L235-13)

Chapter VI

Merger and division

      Section 1

General provisions (Articles L236-1 to L236-7)

      Section 2

Provisions specific to public limited companies (Articles L236-8 to L236-22)

      Section 3

Provisions specific to limited liability companies (Articles L236-23 to L236-24)

Chapter VII

Winding-up

      Section 1

General provisions (Articles L237-1 to L237-13)

      Section 2

Provisions applicable following a court decision (Articles L237-14 to L237-31)

Chapter VIII

Orders to perform (Article L238-1)

TITLE IV

Penal provisions

Chapter I

Offences involving limited liability companies (Articles L241-1 to L241-9)

Chapter II

Offences involving public limited companies

      Section 1

Offences relating to formation (Articles L242-1 to L242-5)

      Section 2

Offences relating to management and administration (Articles L242-6 to L242-8)

      Section 3

Offences relating to shareholders’ meetings (Articles L242-9 to L242-16)

      Section 4

Offences relating to changes in the share capital

            Sub-section 1

Increase in capital (Articles L242-17 to L242-21)

            Sub-section 2

Reduction of capital (Articles L242-23 to L242-24)

      Section 6

Offences relating to dissolution (Article L242-29)

      Section 7

Offences relating to public limited companies with a management and a supervisory board (Article L242-30)

      Section 8

Offences relating to public limited companies with worker participation (Article L242-31)

Chapter III

Offences involving partnerships limited by shares (Article L243-1)

Chapter IV

Offences involving simplified joint-stock companies (Articles L244-1 to L244-4)

Chapter V

Offences relating to securities issued by joint-stock companies

      Section 1

Offences relating to shares (Articles L245-3 to L245-5)

      Section 3

Offences relating to bonds (Articles L245-9 to L245-15)

Section 4

Common provisions (Article L245-16)

      Section 5

Offences relating to public limited companies with a management and a supervisory board (Article L245-17)

Chapter VI

Offences common to various forms of joint-stock company (Articles L246-1 to L246-2)

Chapter VII

Offences common to various forms of commercial company

      Section 1

Offences relating to subsidiaries, shares and controlled companies (Articles L247-1 to L247-3)

      Section 2

Offences relating to publication (Article L247-4)

      Section 3

Offences relating to winding-up (Articles L247-5 to L247-8)

      Section 4

Offences relating to public limited companies with a management and a supervisory board (Article L247-9)

      Section 5

Offences relating to companies with variable capital (Article L247-10)

Chapter VIII

Provisions relating to the deputy managing directors of public limited companies (Article L248‑1)

TITLE V

Economic interest groupings

Chapter I

Economic interest grouping governed by French law (Articles L251-1 to L251‑23)

Chapter II

European economic interest grouping (Articles L252-1 to L252-13)

BOOK III

Certain types of sale and exclusivity clauses

TITLE I

Closing-down sales, warehouse sales, clearance sales and sales in factory shops (Articles L310-1 to L310-7)

TITLE II

Sales by public auction (Articles L320-1 to L320-2)

Chapter I

Voluntary sales of chattels by public auction

      Section 1

General provisions (Articles L321-1 to L321-3)

            Sub-section 1

Companies involved in voluntary sales of chattels by public auction (Articles L321-4 to L321-17)

            Sub-section 2

Authority for Voluntary Sales of Chattels by Public Auction (Articles L321‑18 to L321-23)

      Section 2

Free provision of services in the activity of voluntary sales of chattels by public auction by nationals of the    Member States of the European Communities and of the Member States of the European Economic Area (Articles L321‑24 to L321‑28)

      Section 3

Experts approved by the Authority for Voluntary Sales of Chattels by Public Auction (Articles L321-29 to L321-35)

      Section 4

Sundry provisions (Articles L321-36 to L321-38)

Chapter II

Other sales by auction (Articles L322-1 to L322-16)

TITLE III

Exclusivity clauses (Articles L330-1 to L330-3)

BOOK IV

Pricing freedom and competition

TITLE I

General provisions (Articles L410-1 to L410-2)

TITLE II

Anti-competitive practices (Articles L420-1 to L420-7)

TITLE III

Economic concentration (Articles L430-1 to L430-10)

TITLE IV

Transparency, restrictive competitive practices and other prohibited practices

Preliminary Chapter

General provisions (Article L440-1)

Chapter I

Transparency (Articles L441-1 to L441-7)

Chapter II

Competitive restrictive practices (Articles L442-1 to L442-8)

Chapter III

Other prohibited practices (Articles L443-1 to L443-3)

TITLE V

 (Articles L450-1 to L450-8)

TITLE VI

Council on Competition

Chapter I

Organisation (Articles L461-1 to L461-3)

Chapter II

Powers (Articles L462-1 to L462-9)

Chapter III

Procedure (Articles L463-1 to L463-8)

Chapter IV

Decisions and appeals (Articles L464-1 to L464-8)

TITLE VII

Sundry provisions (Articles L470-1 to L470-8)

BOOK V

Commercial paper and guarantees

TITLE I

Commercial paper

Chapter I

Bill of exchange

      Section 1

Creation and form of the bill of exchange (Articles L511-1 to L511-6)

      Section 2

Consideration (Article L511-7)

      Section 3

Endorsement (Articles L511-8 to L511-14)

      Section 4

Acceptance (Articles L511-15 to L511-20)

      Section 5

Guarantee (Article L511-21)

      Section 6

Expiration (Articles L511-22 to L511-25)

      Section 7

Payment (Articles L511-26 to L511-37)

      Section 8

Recourse due to non-acceptance and non-payment (Articles L511-38 to L511-51)

      Section 9

Protests

            Sub-section 1

Forms (Articles L511-52 to L511-55)

            Sub-section 2

Publication (Articles L511-56 to L511-60)

            Sub-section 3

Extension of deadlines (Article L511-61)

      Section 10

Replacement (Articles L511-62 to L511-64)

      Section 11

Honour (Article L511-65)

            Sub-section 1

Acceptance for honour (Article L511-66)

            Sub-section 2

Payment on behalf of a third party (Articles L511-67 to L511-71)

      Section 12

Multiple originals and copies

            Sub-section 1

Multiple originals (Articles L511-72 to L511-74)

            Sub-section 2

Copies (Articles L511-75 to L511-76)

Section 13

Alterations (Article L511-77)

      Section 14

Prescription (Article L511-78)

      Section 15

General provisions (Articles L511-79 to L511-81)

Chapter II

Promissory note (Articles L512-1 to L512-8)

TITLE II

Guarantees

Chapter I

General provisions on the commercial security (Article L521-1 to L521-3)

Chapter II

Deposits in bonded warehouses

      Section 1

Approval, assignment and cessation of operation (Articles L522-1 to L522-13)

      Section 2

Obligations, responsibilities and guarantees (Articles L522-14 to L522-19)

      Section 3

Operation and supervision (Articles L522-20 to L522-23)

      Section 4

Receipts and warrants (Articles L522-24 to L522-37)

      Section 5

Sanctions (Articles L522-38 to L522-40)

Chapter III

Pledge of hotel equipment and furniture (Articles L523-1 to L523-15)

Chapter IV

Oil warrant (Articles L524-1 to L524-21)

Chapter V

Charge on tooling and equipment (Articles L525-1 to L525-20)

BOOK VI

Problems for undertakings

TITLE I

Prevention and amicable settlement of problems for undertakings

Chapter I

Approved prevention groups and amicable settlement (Articles L611-1 to L611‑6)

Chapter II

Provisions applicable to non-trading legal persons governed by private law which have an economic activity (Articles L612-1 to L612-5)

TITLE II

Administrative order and winding-up proceedings of undertakings (Articles L620-1 to L620-2)

Chapter I

Administrative order

      Section 1

Observation period

            Sub-section 1

Commencement of the procedure (Articles L621-1 to L621-15)

            Sub-section 2

Undertaking during the observation period (Articles L621-16 to L621-53)

            Sub-section 3

Preparation of the economic and social balance sheet and the draft recovery plan for the undertaking (Articles L621-54 to L621-61)

      Section 2

Continuation or assignment plan for the undertaking

            Sub-section 1

Judgment determining the plan (Articles L621-62 to L621-69)

            Sub-section 2

Continuation of the undertaking (Articles L621-70 to L621-82)

            Sub-section 3

Assignment of the undertaking (Articles L621-83 to L621-101)

      Section 3

Capital assets

            Sub-section 1

Verification and admission of claims (Articles L621-102 to L621-106)

            Sub-section 2

Nullity of certain instruments (Articles L621-107 to L621-110)

            Sub-section 3

Rights of the spouse (Articles L621-111 to L621-114)

            Sub-section 4

Rights of the seller of chattels and claims (Articles L621-115 to L621-124)

Section 4

Settlement of claims resulting from the employment contract

            Sub-section 1

Verification of claims (Articles L621-125 to L621-129)

            Sub-section 2

Preferential right of employees (Articles L621-130 to L621-131)

            Sub-section 3

Guarantee of payment of claims resulting from the employment contract (Article L621-132)

      Section 5

Simplified procedure applicable to certain undertakings (Articles L621-133 to L621-134)

            Sub-section 1

Commencement judgment and observation period (Articles L621-135 to L621-138)

            Sub-section 2

Preparation of the recovery plan for the undertaking (Articles L621-139 to L621-142)

            Sub-section 3

Implementation of the recovery plan for the undertaking (Article L621-143)

Chapter II

Court-ordered winding-up

      Section 1

      Winding-up judgment

            Sub-section 1

Winding-up commenced without an observation period (Articles L622-1 to L622-4)

            Sub-section 2

Winding-up ordered during the observation period (Article L622-5)

            Sub-section 3

Common provisions (Articles L622-6 to L622-15)

      Section 2

Sale of the assets (Articles L622-16 to L622-21)

      Section 3

      Liquidation and settlement

            Sub-section 1

Settlement of creditors (Articles L622-22 to L622-29)

            Sub-section 2

Closure of winding-up proceedings (Articles L622-30 to L622‑34)

Chapter III

Appeals (Articles L623-1 to L623-10)

Chapter IV

Provisions specific to legal persons and their directors (Articles L624-1 to L624‑7)

Chapter V

Personal bankruptcy and other prohibition measures (Articles L625-1 to L625‑10)

Chapter VI

Aggravated bankruptcy and other offences

      Section 1

Aggravated bankruptcy (Articles L626-1 to L626-7)

      Section 2

Other offences (Articles L626-8 to L626-14)

      Section 3

Procedural rules (Articles L626-15 to L626-19)

Chapter VII

Common provisions (Articles L627-1 to L627-5)

Chapter VIII

Provisions applicable to the departments of Haut-Rhin, Bas-Rhin and Moselle (Articles L628-1 to L628-3)

BOOK VII

Organisation of commerce

TITLE I

Chambers of commerce and industry

Chapter I

Organisation and powers (Articles L711-1 to L711-10)

Chapter II

Financial administration (Articles L712-1 to L712-3)

Chapter III

Election of members of the chambers of commerce and industry and trade representatives (Articles L713-1 to L713-15)

TITLE II

Commercial facilities (Articles L720-1 to L720-11)

TITLE III

National interest markets (Articles L730-1 to L730-17)

BOOK VIII

Certain regulated professions

TITLE I

Court-appointed receivers, legal agents in the winding-up of undertakings and corporate analysis experts

Chapter I

Court-appointed receivers

      Section 1

      Tasks, conditions of access and performance and incompatibilities

            Sub-section 1

Tasks (Article L811-1)

            Sub-section 2

Conditions of access to the profession (Articles L811-2 to L811-5)

            Sub-section 3

Conditions of performance (Articles L811-6 to L811-9)

Sub-section 4

Incompatibilities (Article L811-10)

      Section 2

Monitoring, inspection and discipline

            Sub-section 1

Monitoring and inspection (Article L811-11)

Sub-section 2

Discipline (Articles L811-12 to L811-16)

Chapter II

Legal agents in the winding-up of undertakings

      Section 1

      Tasks, conditions of access and performance and incompatibilities

            Sub-section 1

Tasks (Article L812-1)

            Sub-section 2

Conditions of access to the profession (Articles L812-2 to L812-3)

            Sub-section 3

Conditions of performance (Articles L812-4 to L812-7)

Sub-section 4

Incompatibilities (Article L811-8)

      Section 2

Monitoring, inspection and discipline (Articles L812-9 to L812-10)

Chapter III

Corporate analysis experts

      Section 1

Tasks and conditions of appointment (Article L813-1)

Section 2

Cessation of duties (Articles L813-2)

Chapter IV

Common provisions

      Section 1

      Appeals against decisions of registration committees and representation before the public authorities

            Sub-section 1

Appeals against decisions of registration committees (Article L814-1)

            Sub-section 2

Representation of the professions before the public authorities (Article L814‑2)

      Section 2

      Guarantee of the representation of businesses, professional civil liability and remuneration

            Sub-section 1

Guarantee of the representation of businesses and professional civil liability (Articles L814-3 to L814-5)

Sub-section 2

Remuneration (Article L814-6)

TITLE II

Auditors (Articles L820-1 to L820-7)

BOOK IX

Provisions relating to overseas

TITLE I

Provisions specific to Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon (Articles L910-1 to L910-5)

Chapter I

Provisions adapting Book I (Articles L911-1 to L911-14)

Chapter II

Provisions adapting Book II (Articles L912-1 to L912-6)

Chapter III

Provisions adapting Book III (Article L913-1)

Chapter IV

Provisions adapting Book IV (Articles L914-1 to L914-2)

Chapter V

Provisions adapting Book V (Articles L915-1 to L915-5)

Chapter VI

Provisions adapting Book VI (Articles L917-1 to L917-4)

TITLE II

Provisions applicable to Mayotte (Articles L920-1 to L920-7)

Chapter I

Provisions adapting Book I (Articles L921-1 to L921-14)

Chapter II

Provisions adapting Book II (Articles L922-1 to L922-10)

Chapter III

Provisions adapting Book III (Articles L923-1 to L923-2)

Chapter IV

Provisions adapting Book IV (Articles L924-1 to L924-4)

Chapter V

Provisions adapting Book V (Articles L925-1 to L925-6)

Chapter VI

Provisions adapting Book VI (Articles L926-1 to L926-7)

TITLE III

Provisions applicable in New Caledonia (Articles L930-1 to L930-7)

Chapter I

Provisions adapting Book I (Articles L931-1 to L931-19)

Chapter II

Provisions adapting Book II (Articles L932-1 to L932-17)

Chapter III

Provisions adapting Book III (Articles L933-1 to L933-8)

Chapter IV

Provisions adapting Book IV (Articles L935-1 to L935-9)

Chapter V

Provisions adapting Book V (Articles L936-1 to L936-12)

TITLE IV

Provisions applicable in French Polynesia (Articles L940-1 to L940-8)

Chapter I

Provisions adapting Book I (Articles L941-1 to L941-19)

Chapter II

Provisions adapting Book II (Articles L942-1 to L942-15)

Chapter III

Provisions adapting Book III (Articles L943-1 to L943-8)

Chapter IV

Provisions adapting Book IV (Articles L945-1 to L945-9)

Chapter V

Provisions adapting Book V (Articles L946-1 to L946-12)

TITLE V

Provisions applicable in the islands of Wallis and Futuna (Articles L950-1 to L950-4)

TITLE VI

Provisions applicable in the islands of Wallis and Futuna (Article L950-5)

TITLE VII

Provisions applicable in the islands of Wallis and Futuna (Articles L950-6 to L950-7)

TITLE VIII

Provisions applicable in the islands of Wallis and Futuna. Chapter I: Provisions adapting Book I (Articles L951-1 to L951-14)

TITLE IX

Provisions applicable in the islands of Wallis and Futuna. Chapter II: Provisions adapting Book II (Articles L952-1 to L952-5)

TITLE X

Provisions applicable in the islands of Wallis and Futuna

Chapter II

Provisions adapting Book II (Articles L952-6 to L952-10)

Chapter III

Provisions adapting Book III (Articles L953-1 to L953-2)

Chapter IV

Provisions adapting Book IV (Articles L954-1 to L954-5)

Chapter V

Provisions adapting Book V (Articles L955-1 to L955-7)

Chapter VI

Provisions adapting Book VI (Articles L956-1 to L956-8)

Chapter VII

Provisions adapting Book VII (Articles L957-1 to L957-3)

Chapter VIII

Provisions adapting Book VIII (Article L958-1)

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